Surprisingly little is known about how intellectual property rights protection is actually determined and which economic, legal, and social factors contribute to this protection. The independent variables include six economic variables in. Comparative analysis of software piracy determinants among pakistani and canadian university students. Online piracy is the practice of downloading and distributing ed content digitally without permission, such as music or software.
Crossnational studies of determinants of software piracy bezmefgn depken marron shadlen et al. Specifically, greater economic prosperity and higher telephone charges check software piracy, while the effects of economic freedom, political. Despite its explicit illegality in many developed countries, online piracy is still widely done by many users due to many ethical. Salma haj fraj the determinants of software piracy approach by panel data and instrumental variables international journal of research in business studies and management v2 i2 february 2015 18 cultural differences software. A model with empirical evidence article pdf available in european journal of information systems 17 june 20145. In addition, piracy is not uniform within a country. This paper will study some determinants of hacking. Toward an integrated model of software piracy determinants. A model of piracy, bristol economics discussion papers 06593, department of. Determinants of worldwide software piracy 128 countries.
We show the joint impact of the three facets considered legal aspects, socioeconomic factors and. International journal of comparative and applied criminal justice. Salma haj fraj the determinants of software piracy approach by panel data and instrumental variables 17 international journal of research in business studies and management v2 i2 february 2015 canadian mounted police. It is then up to the courts to decide whether the owner of the software was. Loughborough university, the business school ashby road, loughborough, leicestershire, le11 3tu, uk. An exploratory study of determinants and corrective measures. Determinants of digital piracy among youth in south.
Empirical research determinants of software piracy under risk. Author links open overlay panel byenghee chang a sanghyun nam b shinhye kwon a sylvia m. The purpose of this model is to examine whether these determinants of piracy behavior are supranational and transcend cultural and ethical barriers. Today hacking software piracy has highly negative consequences, implying huge loss for both the economy and businesses. Apr 30, 2009 this paper determines the various influences on software piracy using a large sample of countries. The speedy development of ict may serve to increase the. This paper has implications for the integration of macro and micro factors related to software piracy. In this sense, husted 2000 found that software piracy is significantly correlated with gdp per capita, income inequality and individualism. Ethical, cultural and socio economic factors of software piracy determinants in a developing country. Ethical, cultural and socio economic factors of software. It proposes a unified comprehensive threestage model to look at the determinants of piracy attitude, intention and behaviour.
Despite its explicit illegality in many developed countries, online piracy is. Determinants of digital piracy using deterrence, social learning and neutralization perspectives. This paper investigates digital piracy, the information technologyenabled theft of digital goods, among the south african youth. A more comprehensive look at potential determinants of software piracy, including economic and noneconomic factors, may be considered as the main. Understanding piracy determinants in the movie, music and software industries luigi proserpio bocconi university institute of organization and information systems severino salvemini bocconi university institute of organization and information. The dependent variable is the level percentage of the software piracy rate estimated from bsa.
Comparative analysis of pakistani and canadian university students. This study is aimed at understanding piracy determinants in the software, music and movie industries as well as examining policy issues in the fight against this phenomenon. Index termscomputer crime, empirical study, habit software piracy, softlifting. Software piracy is a persistent and serious problem. Specifically, country specific software piracy rates were obtained from the annual.
If one person who is the legal owner of software provides a second person with a copy of. The present study aims to examine the determinants of attitude towards digital piracy and to explore whether gender matters in explaining the attitude. This paper studies the determinants of software piracy losses along five major macroeconomic dimensions. Exploring determinants of softlifting attitude and intention pamela a. Demographics, ethical attitudes and socioeconomic factors arsalan butt m. A more comprehensive look at potential determinants of software piracy, including economic and noneconomic factors, may be considered as the main contribution to a literature that is still in its. Therefore we would say that bsa data on losses due to software piracy are a conservative estimate, the lower boundary of true, unknown losses due to software piracy. This research employs crosscountry time series data analysis to examine physical music piracy. It examines empirically the influence that gdp per capita, the unemployment rate, the rate of education, taxes and the percentage of internet users have in the piracy rate. If one person who is the legal owner of software provides a second person with a copy of that software for the purpose of the recipient. This paper studies the determinants of software piracy losses along four major macroeconomic dimensions.
Consumer software piracy is widespread in many parts of the world. As the devices that used software became more available to the masses the problem of software piracy increases. Ethical, cultural and socioeconomic factors of software piracy determinants in a developing country. A risk aversion model for the commercialization of pirated software is developed to account for behavioral elements of risk and uncertainty avoidance among countries software pirates i. Empirical research determinants of software piracy under. Determinants of multimedia, entertainment, and business. Software companies have direct losses due to illegal distribution and use of their products, which reducing re. Determinants of software piracy under risk aversion. Comparative analysis of software piracy determinants among. We try identify factors explaining the software piracy by testing empirically some hypotheses on the determinants of the rate of software piracy and more specifically, we try to check the relationship between piracy rates and revenue per capita. Hsiuping institute of technology, national central university, and.
Does social learning theory condition the effects of low. What piracy determinants does regulatory protection mediate on the rate of software piracy in a country. Pdf this paper studies the determinants of software piracy in world economies from a risk avoidance perspective. An exploratory study of determinants and corrective measures for software piracy and counterfeiting in the digital age yinleng theng corresponding author wee kim wee school of communication and information 31 nanyang link, singapore 637718 tel.
Even if an estimated third of pirate financiers spends profits for militias, political influence, or religious extremists world bank, 20 piracy seems mostly motivated by profits. The authors base their search for determinants on a threefold model legal, socioeconomic and cultural supported by the theoretical and empirical literature. This paper investigates the causes of variations in software piracy rates using panel data of 16 european countries for the years 1994, 1997 and 2000. Computer science, institute of leadership and management, harndard university, pakistan, 2002 b. Jun 17, 2014 this paper studies the determinants of software piracy in world economies from a risk avoidance perspective. Prior empirical research argued that much of piracy occurs due to a lack of economic development, education, weak enforcement, institutional quality and social culture. This research investigates the determinants of software piracy using panel data analysis. This paper outlines research in progress that will provide insight into software piracy attitude.
Determinants of software piracy in the european union. Determinants of worldwide software piracy losses technological. Government college lahore, punjab university, palustan, 1999. Pdf determinants of software piracy under risk aversion. Determinants of digital piracy among youth in south africa. Determinants of worldwide software piracy losses free download abstract this paper studies the determinants of software piracy losses along four major macroeconomic dimensions. Investigating the determinants of business software piracy. Ethical, cultural and socioeconomic factors of software. The results show that, regarding the labor dimension, employment in services has a deterrent effect while labor force with higher. Today hackingsoftware piracy has highly negative consequences, implying huge loss for both the economy and businesses. The global software piracy rate in 2005 was estimated to be between 35 and 40 percent, with south africas estimated 37 piracy rate putting right in the middle bsa, 2005. The principle behind piracy has predated the creation of the internet, but its online popularity arose alongside the internet. Even if an estimated third of pirate financiers spends profits for militias, political influence, or religious extremists world. The answer to this question is the main focus of this research.
This paper explores the determinants of crossnational variation in software piracy rates by performing a quantitative analysis using economic, cultural and legal variables. Information communication technology ict, intellectual property rights. This research employs crosscountry time series data analysis to examine physical music piracy rates across developed and developing economies. The determinants of software piracy and assumptions a number of factors may contribute to regional differences in piracy report software prices and income levels and the degree of protection of intellectual property to the availability of pirated via cultural differences software. A risk aversion model for the commercialization of. In particular, it looks at the differences between piracy of video, music and software piracy. This paper determines the various influences on software piracy using a large sample of countries. Studying the determinants of piracy rates and the estimated companies revenue. Determinants of maritime piracy following rational choice theory cornish and clarke, 1986. Determinants of software piracy behavior in saudi arabia.
The determinants of software piracy approach by panel data. Specifically, country specific software piracy rates were obtained from the annual software study of business software alliance bsa. Recent theoretical works have attempted to model the phenomenon of software piracy. Consequences of software piracy the losses suffered as a result of software piracy directly affect the profitability of the software industry. One research approach that has provided a theoretical framework for studying software piracy has been to place the illegal copying of software within the domain of ethical decision making assumes that a person must be able to recognize software piracy as a moral issue. Determinants of the music piracy divide abstract why has physical piracy of music grown globally in recent years despite international efforts to reduce the problem. P2p based websites have made it easier to access pirated software, which has resulted in an. Mahmut sonmez, loughborough university, the business school ashby road, loughborough, leicestershire, le11 3tu, uk. The study finds that piracy intention probability of pirating that the respondents indicate. In particular, our crosssectional study estimates the effects of economic, institutional and technical factors on the piracy of software. Citeseerx determinants of worldwide software piracy. A risk aversion model for the commercialization of pirated software is developed to.
Determinants of digital piracy using deterrence, social. Labor force, technological, educational and access to information using a large dataset available from 1994 to 2010, comprising 109 countries. In particular, we search for determinants with a threefold model, supported by theoretical and empirical literature. An exploratory study of determinants and corrective. The determinants of software piracy and assumptions a number of factors may contribute to regional differences in piracy report software prices and.
Determinants of worldwide software piracy citeseerx. A number of factors may contribute to regional differences in piracy report software prices and income levels and the degree of protection of intellectual property to. Software piracy, the unauthorized use or illegal copying of. The determinants of software piracy approach by panel data and. International journal of innovation, management and technology, vol. Each year, it has caused billions of dollars of loss to many industries, such as software, video game, film and music industries. In recent years, progress has been made to reduce software piracy. To do this, we use the method of panel data on a sample of 96 countries and. Because of the money lost to pirates, publishers have fewer resources to devote to research and development of new products, have less revenue to justify lowering software prices and are forced to pass. A longitudinal study of european countries authors.
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